​The Grass Harp and A Tree of Night by Truman Capote is a collection of short stories and one novella, The Grass Harp, that focuses on families and children in the south and sometimes New York City. The Grass Harp follows a teenager as he is brought to his aunts’, Dolly and Verena’s, place with his father passing away quite soon after the boy, Collin, is dropped off. Verena is the industrious aunt who has businesses everywhere in the small southern town, and as such she’s quite demanding and strict with Collin and Dolly. As for Dolly, it becomes clear through her interests (e.g. painting a room fully pink, boiling medicine in a tub, etc.) and demeanor, she is disabled. However, Collin, Dolly, and their help, Catherine Cook, make a fine group that helps cook and sell the medicine. One day, Verena returns home with a businessman who wants to get the recipe for Dolly’s cure and make labels for the bottles. She doesn’t like this, and to get away from the businessman, Dolly, Collin, and Catherine all runaway to a treehouse in a field. The first day, they nearly get shot out of their hiding spot because of a boy, Riley, who was looking to hunt squirrels. He leaves them and then a troop of the Sheriff, Judge, and a few other people come to collect them from the treehouse after hearing word from Riley where they were. The Judge joins the group, while the rest are shoed off. When the sheriff and his buddies return, they come with a vengeance trying get the group to return to Verena—though while everyone escapes, they catch Catherine, the only Black person in their group. During their time in the treehouse, they meet a woman who has fifteen children looking for food and to tell Dolly that she hadn’t bad-mouthed her. All while this is going on, back with Verena, the businessman ran off with twelve-thousand dollars of her cash. While in the tree, the Judge and Dolly get married right before the sheriff returns a final time. Though when one of his buddies is nearly choked, he shoots his rifle and the bullet hits Riley in the leg. This just about ends their adventure with Verena taking them back in, but things between the sisters had changed.
 
The other stories in the collection follows: a woman who gets paid for telling a mysterious man about her dreams, a little girl that tries for a talent show while everyone is mesmerized by her but she’s swindled out of her stardom, a boy who tries extra hard in counting the money in a jar put up for guessing, a mysterious girl that shows up at a woman’s house and won’t leave, and a niece returning from attending her uncle’s funeral sitting next to a deaf man and drunk wife. All the stories had an insane amount of charm and craft, but I particularly liked, ‘My Side of the Matter’, which is a man’s recounting of how he nearly got stabbed by one of his wife’s friends. The voice, snappiness, and humor were really striking (albeit misogynistic).
 
As with all of Capote’s other works that I’ve read, this collection entranced me. The language, which is one of its most striking elements rolls you along with this confident and propulsive pace. Capote, it seems, had an internal rhythm of language that makes descriptions of the landscape or of people magical. The dialogue and quips were so memorable as well, particularly in ‘My Side of the Matter’. It is also surprising that ‘The Grass Harp’ was made into a musical that, while unfortunate that it flopped, still has its soundtrack online. There so much to say about Capote’s brilliance, but I’ll just leave it at this: read this book!
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​A Kind of Madness by Uche Okonkwo is a collection of stories featuring women in Nigeria who are driven to extremes by the people around them. The whole collection was astounding, and almost every single story was amazing. The first story, ‘Nwunye Belgium’, is about a woman whose mother is in search of a husband for her and when she isn’t able to find a good suitor, her friend suggests her son, a doctor working in Belgium, to marry. And even though she is seeing another man, her mother convinces her to stop seeing him because he isn’t wealthy. Because this is a small town, it becomes talk that she will be marrying a very wealthy doctor and will be taken out of Nigeria into Belgium. However, as time unravels, the status of the friend’s son is shown to be a lie. That while at one point her son did pursue work in Belgium, she actually doesn’t have contact with her son anymore. That the friend made up her son being a bachelor so that she could have a higher status in the town. And now, the woman is marred and ridiculed because she’d stopped seeing her actual love in return for a fake suitor. Another story, ‘Animals’, is about a boy Nedu and his family that bought a chicken to slaughter for dinner. But the mother is unable to kill it, even though she’s done all the work in the family. Nedu becomes so attached to the chicken that they give it a name via a ceremony that the father is encouraging while the mother looks down on it. In fact, she realizes that without her, the family would be dysfunctional and is frustrated that the one thing that a ‘man’ is supposed to do (i.e. kill the chicken) is made to be her job. The father, after a while prepares himself to kill the chicken, and when Nedu pleads them not to, they see that the chicken has been cut from its leash and runs away from them. The sister films the whole thing as the family runs around the town to get the chicken. Finally, when the family catches the chicken, the father kills it and Nedu becomes so distraught that he won’t eat dinner. Eventually he does, but he eats around the cooked chicken parts. A third story to highlight is ‘Eden’ in which a brother and sister rummage through their father’s collection of tapes and find his pornography. They watch together both mesmerized and terrified of the consequences. So much so that one day when the power goes out and they can’t pull the tape from the VCR, they are on edge until their father finds out what they’d been watching. From this, he freaks out and beats the son who admits to watching it, and covers for the sister. After some time, the brother gets into more trouble, and to show that she can be just as strong as him, she admits to her father that she also watched the tape. Her father beats her as well.
 
I’ve dogeared basically every story in Okonkwo’s collection because they’re truly so astounding in the depth and propulsion that they’re all hits. These feel like quintessential stories of religion, mental illness, family pain and drama. And each story opens up a world that felt so specific and full of emotion that I can only be left in awe. An unrivaled read.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​Only Son by Kevin Moffett is a novel about a boy and then a man reckoning with his father’s death, raising a son without a template, and the tenuous relationship he has with his aging mother. The first part follows the speaker in the days and years after his father’s death when he is nine. He attends karate lessons by a sensei who teaches kids with dead fathers, he sells things door to door from a magazine catalogue, he takes a trip to his aunt and grandmothers in Kentucky (going from Florida) to visit his father’s old room. The novel then pushes forward as the speaker is a father himself, watching his son grow up, observing and loving him in ways he thinks is right. At the moment, he’s a writing professor at a college in LA where he feels all his students are detached from his teachings. He takes his son, by that time a pre-teen, to skateparks and tries to become the role model he never had. Then, after receiving a gray notebook with his own father’s documentation of a journey from LA to San Francisco, he decides to follow in his father’s footsteps. His wife convinces his son to join him on the journey, acting as a final trip between the two before his son goes off to college. It’s during the trip the father begins to see how his son has pulled away from him. The father’s mother calls at times to talk about her new love affair, or the cactus she walked into at night, though the whole time, the father is somewhat cold to her while his son is the opposite. It’s not until they’re in San Francisco and it’s the last night when his son decides to go to a very fancy sushi restaurant. While there, he calls his grandmother to rate and rag on the food. It’s a moment where the father notes, “…it occurs to me that my experience of this meal is secondary to his, a feeling some parents must have all the time, and one I’ve had before but never this acutely.” It sums up how during the raising of his son, his focus hadn’t always been on his son.
 
Moffett has crafted a story that feels so propulsive in its language, it’s almost closer to a very long prose poem. It approaches its subject matter sometimes lightheartedly, sometimes serious, but always providing gut-punching lines. The novel crystalizes into a father’s realization of the way he loves and treats his son, and how that’s been put on the backseat when the grief of his own father towers above him. A truly powerful read.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​The Sound and The Fury by William Faulkner is a novel that follows the Compson family in 1910 and 1928 as problems begin to wreck them from the inside out in the fictional Yoknapatawpha county. The novel opens with the youngest son, Benjy, who is mentally handicapped and is taken care of by one of the Black servants and kids, Luster. In the narrative, we’re inside Benjy’s head as he goes looking for quarters, follows his siblings and servants around. Though the narrative itself is disjointed, jumping from one moment to the next quickly, has partial thoughts in italics, and creates this atmosphere of a family in turmoil. The narrative then shifts back to 1910 and follows Quentin, a man and Benjy’s uncle, on one of his last days before he commits suicide. He goes to get a watch he purposely broke repaired, tries to help a girl who is lost out, but then gets detained for doing so, and has sex with his sister Caddy (who he killed himself over after she gets married to someone else). Afterward, the narrative shifts back to 1928 and follows Jason, the eldest brother and the head of the household (since their father had died). He runs a business betting on cotton stocks, while manning a supply store, though he is nefarious in his other dealings. Not only does he think the traders are conspiring against him, but he is also keeping his sister’s daughter, also named Quentin, from seeing her mom. And throughout this time, he forced Caddy, Quentin’s mother, to pay for Quentin’s life. Though Jason has been storing all that money in a drawer for himself. It’s hinted that he knows that Quentin, the daughter, is a product of Caddy and Quentin, the uncle, and uses that to keep Caddy away. And in fact, one day she tries to see her daughter and Jason cheats her by keeping her daughter in the car as they drive next to her. Finally, the last part of the novel pulls away and is told in 3rd person, mainly narrating Dilsey, the Black servant, as she takes care of the house, the mother, her son Luster, and Benjy. In the morning she gets water ready and then takes Benjy and Luster to church where they listen to a preacher from St. Louis. Later on, the narrative follows Jason as he realizes that Quentin hasn’t shown up to breakfast. So he barges into his locked room where he keeps his money, and realizes it’s all gone. Turns out Quentin stole the cash (most of it truly belonging to her) and ran away with a man from a traveling show. Jason becomes furious and tries to track them down, but ends up getting knocked over and gets a splitting headache, so ends his search. The novel ends with Luster trying to calm Benjy by taking him to the cemetery where Quentin is buried, but Jason finds them out. There’s an additional appendix to the novel which, in part, is a listing of the Compson family from 1699-1945, but really applies an additional narrative to the family. First, it tracks a librarian who sees Caddy’s photo in a magazine and takes it to Jason first, thinking he’d want to talk to her, but knows that he was the one who sent her away. And then to Dilsey who is too old to see the photo. It also provides a broader picture of how the robbery changed the family, or rather, how Jason’s blackmailing bit him back.
 
Faulkner’s The Sound and The Fury is astounding in its voice, narrative, and boldness. The first two sections on their own provide impressions of a family. One through the eyes of (what the narrative calls) an “invalid”, while the second follows the uncle who will commit suicide. It’s only when Jason’s narrative comes in where clarity begins to arrive. Though this clarity is sharply nihilistic. He thinks conspiracies are abound by the Jews out east trying to take advantage of his cotton stocks. He basically keeps his niece, Quentin, under lock and key and forces her mother, Caddy, to pay him if she wants to see her. He is deeply racist, though also terrified of Dilsey. All of it prepares the reader for the most narrative heavy section in the last part. In fact, it’s possible that the first 3 sections are there to really paint these characters in detail, while the last section then throws these characters into chaos. It is in how the POV shifts that creates an air of weight that hinges on us being inside the character’s heads first.
 
Though, regardless of being “of its time”, the narrative’s weak points exist in its racism—not of the characters themselves because if you’re inside a character’s heads, racism surely can exist. But it’s in the last section where it describes the preacher from St. Louis who had, “a wizened black face like a small, aged monkey.” It is in this narrative, the 3rd person POV, where the reader is pulled back from what they suppose as “subjective” to “objective”. But this description does indicate a bias of Faulker’s that shouldn’t go unstated. Of course, the other sections may be more overtly racist with their use of the N-word, but those are confined to 1st person, effectively subjective interpretations of reality. It “gives the game away” when what’s supposed to be objective describes a Black man with racial stereotypes. However, that being said, The Sound and The Fury is an intensely innovative novel and one that I thoroughly enjoyed.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​I Do Know Some Things by Richard Siken is a collection of poems in which the speaker documents his stroke, his time in the hospital, and his reflections on family and life. The language is sharp and cutting, and because they’re all prose poems, it is the language that holds each one up. There were so many poems I was affected by that I would just be listing off the table of contents if I were to say which ones I liked. However, there was one poem that I reread because of how piercing it is. This poem is, ‘Redshift’, in which the speaker describes a house being on fire for six years, and a man beating his wife, “…all night, the same night…” It highlights how trauma can be unseen, its recurrence, and that no matter where you stand, there will always be pain somewhere. In one of my favorite lines of the collection, the speaker observes, “When you build on a graveyard everything is a graveyard, and / everything is a graveyard because nothing is free from history.” What exists consumes and what consumes cannot be avoided. The collection is deeply haunting in how the speaker is frank about his family, his past lovers, and the stroke that invariably changed his world. An essential read.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​Crush by Richard Siken is a poetry collection about a man and the loss of his lover to AIDs, how it felt to be queer in the 90s, and the violence tied to those moments. The language is piercing, volatile, and propulsive in a way that physically plays out through the line breaks and white spaces. The language too, with the recurrence of blood and death, creates a sense of foreboding that blankets the whole collection. I was particularly drawn to poems such as, ‘Scheherazade’, ‘Visible World’, ‘A Primer for the Small Weird Loves’, and ‘Straw House, Straw Dog’. This violence that is tied to homophobia is so intensely described in ‘A Primer for the Small Weird Loves’ in which a boy confesses his love to another boy and is then nearly drowned, kickstarting a life of hookups and lovers where both people force violence onto each other. The speaker says, “You try to warn him, you tell him/you will want to get inside him, and ruin him,” and, “You take the things you love/and tear them apart/or you pin them down with your body and pretend they’re yours.” There’s a softness too that the speaker allows the reader to see for just a brief moment. At the end of the poem ‘You are Jeff”, the speaker’s lover reaches over and touches his hand while driving and the speaker says, “and you feel your/heart taking root in your body, like you’ve discovered something you/don’t even have a name for.” This in part relating back to the poem obsessing over names provides a grandiosity to the whole collection. I can see why this collection has withstood the test of time.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​The Wild Palms by William Faulkner is a novel comprised of two completely separate narratives, ‘The Wild Palms’ and ‘The Old Man’, which are spliced together after each chapter.
 
‘The Wild Palms’ follows a man who becomes wooed by a married woman, and they form a plot to leave the town and be together. The woman, Charlotte, directs and desires this move, first going to a hotel with the man, Harry. When they form the plan, they don’t have the money to execute a disappearance. Suddenly, Harry finds a wallet with the money, phones Charlotte, where they decide to get train tickets out of New Orleans to Chicago. On the ride, Charlotte’s husband joins them where he allows Harry to take Charlotte away from him, but that he'll keep an eye on her. After this, both Charlotte and Harry think the money will last them awhile, with Harry taking on a job at a hospital and Charlotte selling her puppets. But things turn sour, and their money runs out so they hop from place to place trying to survive. First to a cabin where a friend stocks them food, then to a worker’s camp in the winter, and finally to Florida. However, during the worker’s camp in Utah, they meet another couple and live with them, where eventually the woman asks Harry to perform an abortion on her. When he finally does, Charlotte forgets her cleaning items in the cold, and so learns that she too has become pregnant. It’s only when they hear back from the woman, does Charlotte ask for Harry to perform an abortion on her. Harry freaks out, and at first tries to do anything to stop the pregnancy, going so far as pleading a brothel for their abortion medicine. Eventually, after Charlotte’s pleading, he performs the abortion, but it goes awry. They get out of Utah, and travel to Florida where Charlotte is suffering at a hotel owned by another doctor. One night, when Charlotte becomes weak, Harry must call the doctor for help, only to be detained because he first performed an abortion, and then later being responsible for her death. In the end, Charlotte’s husband returns to Harry and hands him a pill of cyanide in jail.
 
‘The Old Man’ follows a convict who was arrested on an attempted train robbery gone awry. This was because what the convict read in books about robberies was totally different than real life, thus bungling it. While in prison, a massive flood rips through due to a levee breaking from a storm. The convict, along with the rest of the prison are taken to the levee where they are sent to row boats and rescue people stranded from the flood. When the convict and his partner get sent out to rescue a woman and a farmer, their boat flips and the convict regains control, and collects the woman who is pregnant. However, from other people’s vantage points, the convict looked like he drowned. For many days, the woman and the convict row around the flood encountering people who give them food, but are skeptical of them, a town that shoots at them while the convict tries to surrender, a paddle boat that takes them in but has other wishes for their labor, an alligator pelt farmer, a sugar cane plantation, and finally back to a police officer where the convict begs to be taken back to the prison. Along the way, the woman’s child is born on a mound of earth with snakes. But when the convict returns, instead of being reward for his efforts in taking care of the boat and the pregnant woman, he’s given 10 more years in prison.
 
There is a reason why Faulkner has become a mainstay in the literary canon. It’s because the language and flow of these two narratives are unparalleled. There’s situational humor with the convict in ‘The Old Man’ being washed down the river, and every time he tries to be detained to go back to the prison, he’s shooed away. While in ‘The Wild Palms’ the scene of Harry in the brothel desperate for abortion pills is quite an interesting scenario. Even on the sentence level, which Faulkner is known for, is so meticulous but grand. In fact, one of my favorite sentences of all time is from ‘The Wild Palms’, “And when he (the doctor), came home at noon she had the gumbo made, an enormous quantity of it, enough for a dozen people, made with that grim Samaritan husbandry of good women, as if she took a grim and vindictive and masochistic pleasure in the fact that the Samaritan deed would be performed at the price of its remainder which would sit invincible and inexhaustible on the stove while days accumulated and passed, to be warmed and rewarmed and then rewarmed until consumed by two people who did not even like it, who born and bred in sight of the sea had for taste a fish a predilection for the tuna, the salmon, the sardines bought in cans, immolated and embalmed three thousand miles away in the oil and machinery of commerce.” What a doozy of a sentence, which I found funny in that the doctor’s wife cooked a huge vat of gumbo in spite of her husband even though the both of them dislike it to canned fish. This is Faulkner’s magic: to create a winding, almost hypnotic syncopation of language. Though, both end grimly: men stuck in prison. One for doing something the love of his life begged for. The other, for doing the right thing and getting more time for it. There’s something to be said of the terrible reality of systems and how even as we do our best, they react in ways we do not expect. I can understand why these two stories are linked, how the narratives don’t necessarily follow each other, but instead they are in some conversation. One of blind love. One of blind faith. Both of survival. I am in awe of these stories in every way and it is no wonder Faulkner has stayed a common household name.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​The Ninth Hour by Alice McDermott is a novel which follows a mother and daughter after the husband kills himself by inhaling gas in their New York City apartment. A nun passing by the apartment decides to attend to the commotion where she finds the mother, Alice, pregnant and distraught from her husband’s death. The nun brings her to their church where Alice joins the Sisters in cleaning and folding laundry. Alice gives birth to Sally who grows up watch Alice do the laundry in the church’s basement with Sister Illuminata. One time in the basement as a prank, Sally employs Sister Illuminata to dress her in another sister’s habit, realizing once Alice finds them out that Sally wants to become a nun.
 
Everyone, particularly Alice, is skeptical and so in a “Baptism by fire” trial, Sally follows another nun, Sister Lucy, as she goes about caring for people outside of the church. They first go to a woman, Mrs. Castello, whose leg was bitten and then infected by a dog to care for her while her husband, a milkman, is away working. After they tend to Mrs. Castello, they find a girl crying about how her sisters were tied up by their brother. Sister Lucy and Sally go up to their room and untie them and clean the sisters up when the perpetrator and their brother, Charlie, comes back. Even though it’s heavily implied that Sister Lucy knows Charlie both physically and sexually abuses his sisters, Sally is both charmed by his looks and realizes Sister Lucy isn’t as terrifying as Sally once thought.
 
Following this initial training, Sally feels firm in her conviction to be a nun. So her mother painfully sends her off where Sally boards a train to Chicago. On the ride there, her temper is tested through a large, mean, and racy old woman, a girl who spikes her tea with whiskey and begs for money, and a little child. What Sally realizes on the train is that she doesn’t want to be a nun, so returns home on the next train. However, when she returns home, she finds out that her mother has been having an affair with Mr. Castello. And because of the affair, Sally is told to find another place to stay.
 
The Sisters bring Sally to the Tierney’s house where she and the oldest boy, Patrick, start to get along. Initially, Sally is mad at her mother, but when Mrs. Castello’s health turns for the worse, Mr. Castello abandons Alice to tend to Mrs. Castello. This makes Sally feel for her mother since she is afraid of being lonely. Sally then concocts a plan to poison Mrs. Castello so that her mother and Mr. Castello can marry freely. So one day, she goes to Mrs. Castello’s place where a few of the Sisters are already tending to Mrs. Castello, and she drops in some cleaning chemicals in Mrs. Castello’s tea. Mrs. Castello chokes after a few sips, but it’s unclear whether it’s the illness, the chunky applesauce, or the poisoned tea which make her suffocate. In the end, Mr. Castello and Alice get together and have a child, and Sally and Patrick get together as well. Though, Sally, just like her father, eventually succumbs to her depression after she has kids.
 
McDermott is a genius with this novel. It’s first so beautifully written, each sentence seems to hold its own magic. And while I wasn’t initially interested in reading about nuns, there’s so much drama McDermott shows that it’s hard to look away. There’s the father who kills himself while Alice is gone, and while everyone knows it was a suicide, they try to keep that hidden from Alice and then Sally. But then in the end, depression was what got Sally as well, speaking to the cyclical nature of family conditions and how if not addressed, they can manifest.
 
McDermott also employs time in a very interesting way. In particular, the first chapter follows an old nun as she finds the dead husband, and it is not until the last paragraph does the story fast forward, but also provide the perspective of the story. Initially it seems to be a 3rd Person POV, possibly omniscient narrator, but the last line of the chapter reads, “When our young grandfather, a motorman for the BRT whose grave we have never found, sent his wife to do the shopping while he had himself a little nap.” It provides us with who is telling the story, and what stakes they have in it as well.
 
Another, I think brilliant prowess of McDermott shines through in her transitions. There’s a chapter that focuses on Patrick as he and his father attend his father’s funeral, which in the story seems tangential to Sally. But as we’ll later learn, Sally and Patrick are the narrator’s parents. What works so well is her ability to zoom from Patrick returning from the funeral and his father getting money from Patrick’s aunt to them buying a house for all their kids, to Sally arriving at the house after she has just found her mother and Mr. Castello in their apartment. “A wide bedroom for the parents, and, after all that spreading out, an empty bedroom left over, suitable for a boarder or a guest. / Suitable for Sally when she came to the door, late in the afternoon of the day she returned from Chicago.”
 
And finally, craft-wise, while the narrative and the person speaking throughout the novel never say that Sally failed outright in being a nun, as the reader even before she steps onto the train, we know she will fail. This is because in order to be a nun, you can’t be married or have kids, and based on the narrator referring to Sally as their mother, we know this not to be the case. It’s such a subtle thing, but contextualizes her journey on the train as one of naivety and folly where her fate was already sealed before the narrative arrive there.
 
The novel also peppers in objects/situations that come into play later: the whiskey the girl on the train spikes her drink with also being used to cover the taste of Mrs. Castello’s poisoned tea, the anecdote about the alum when Sally goes into the hotel laundry becoming the building block for her poisoning, the mother and daughter she sees at the hotel talking about getting married when in the end that exact thing happens to Alice and Sally. The novel is clever, drama-filled, and crafted so well I’m left in shock. Brilliant!
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami is a novel about a fifteen-year-old boy, Kafka Tamura, who has become fed up with his life and his father in Tokyo, so he runs away. While he doesn’t know where he plans on ending up, along the way he meets a girl, Sakura, on the bus. One night, when he comes to and finds blood on his shirt, he calls up Sakura to ask for help in trying to figure out what happened. Eventually, Kafka finds a library in Takamatsu where he meets the assistant, Oshima, and the main librarian, Miss Saeki. Because Kafka is worried that he killed someone, he tries to lay low at the library. Miss Saeki is an elusive woman who had lost the love of her life when she was younger and was stuck in time, while it’s later revealed that Oshima is trans. Kafka stays at the library, going back and forth from his hotel until Oshima offers a room in the library for him. As the room is getting prepared, Oshima takes Kafka to his family’s old cabin with a forest that two soldiers had once gotten lost in. Then, when Kafka assists Oshima in his library duties and sleeps, on some nights a ghost of a young Miss Saeki sits in the room gazing at a painting. Miss Saeki had once been a singer, producing only one song, from the time her love went off to university, soon to be killed. She had disappeared for some time, which was when Kafka believe that her and his father had him before she ran away with his sister. Eventually, Kafka has sex with both the young Miss Saeki and the older Miss Saeki, falling in love with her. When Kafka learns that the police are after him due to his father’s death, Oshima sends him back to the cabin. At the cabin, Kafka decides to walk into the forest so far that he meets the soldiers that were lost. It turns out they were guarding an entrance to a town that seemed to be in the spiritual world. Upon arriving in the town, Kafka meets both Miss Saeki’s, with the older one telling him he needed to leave before the entrance closed. So with a torn heart, Kafka leaves and returns to the library, a new man, and decides to return back home. The whole time Kafka remembers what his father had said to him, how he would kill his father and sleep with his mother and sister. All of which seemed to come true.
 
In addition to Kafka, a second storyline emerges with an older man, Mr. Nakata, who has both lost his memory and is mentally challenged. This was due to an event when he was a child where he fell unconscious for three weeks on top of a hill during a school field trip picking mushrooms. After he woke up, Mr. Nagata was different and could never achieve the goals that his family set out for him. Though, the one thing he could do was talk to cats, which he uses to look for a missing cat called Goma. Along the way Mr. Nakata meets other cats who tell him that Goma may have been kidnapped. It’s only when a dog leads Mr. Nagata to a man called Johnnie Walker where he learns that the cats are being killed and their hearts eaten to create a flute that controls living beings. Johnnie Walker goads Mr. Nakata to kill him, though Mr. Nakata is unwilling until one of the friendly cats is about to be killed. Mr. Nakata then stabs the man with a knife, saving Goma and the other cats. However, it turns out that Johnnie Walker is Kafka’s father, which means that Mr. Nakata must leave Tokyo to evade. And while he did tell the police, they didn’t believe him. Along the way out of Tokyo, Mr. Nakata makes fish and leeches fall out of the sky, eventually meeting up with a trucker named Hoshino. They get along well and while Mr. Nakata doesn’t know where he’s supposed to go, they drive to Takamatsu where Mr. Nakata realizes he must find the entrance stone. They take a few days to look for it, and not until a concept called Colonel Sanders points Hoshino in the right direction, do they find it and open it. From there, Mr. Nakata continues to search for what he needs to complete, and only finds it at the library where Kafka had stayed. When they talk with Miss Saeki, Mr. Nakata realizes that she’s the one that he needs to talk to. She enlists Mr. Nakata to burn her life’s writing, all her memories, before she passes away. That day, as Mr. Nakata and Hoshino are back at their apartment, Mr. Nakata dies and it’s up to Hoshino to close the entrance. The two days after, a black cat tells Hoshino he must kill it before it can reach the entrance stone or else. Late at night, Hoshino finds out what it is, which is a white mucous thing that climbs out of Mr. Nakata’s dead mouth. Hoshino closes the entrance stone, kills the thing, and eventually makes his return back to his job.
 
Murakami weaves so many fantastical and magical things into the modern world it feels truly surreal. There are characters that take on the faces of brands, talking cats, and ghost sex. The novel also isn’t afraid to break form as in the use of interviews for Mr. Nakata’s unconsciousness, the use of the boy named Crow as Kafka’s inner voice/strength, or when the narrative switches to a second person POV during the intimate moments with Miss Saeki. The taboo nature of the sex between mother and son is explicitly referred to when Kafka reveals the curse his father put on him when talking to Oshima, which made the narrative all the more aware of itself. Because Kafka is initially horror-stricken with this curse and the inevitability of it being played out speaks to the way destiny and fate are referred to in the novel. And while I’m not trans, it felt that the reveal of Oshima only worked to deepen his character rather than him being used as a prop. In part, because Kafka is a boy, the language around women does seem a little misogynistic, though makes sense for his character. And while there weren’t definitive answers to if Kafka and/or Mr. Nakata killed Kafka’s father, why the kids in the forest went unconscious, if Kafka’s father was also Johnnie Walker, or if the town was a spiritual middle world, I felt satisfied with leaving those questions unanswered.
 
Final Rating: 5/5

​Small Wars Manual by Chris Santiago is a collection of poems that upends the Small Wars Manual published by the USMC through erasure. These poems are about the history of America invading the Philippines, the lives of Black soldiers, and the speaker’s understanding of war as a child. There were quite a few poems that I liked, in particular, ‘1.2’, ‘Boondock Suite’, ‘6.4’, ‘3.3’, ‘Hitler Moves East’, ’11.1’, ‘Golden Age’, and ’14.1’. Though, ‘Hitler Moves East’ with its imagery of the brothers playing with toy soldiers and their return to their childhood home in search of their toys felt powerful in how it describes a fascination and then a disgust of war. I was fascinated with how this collection plays with and rewrites a history that America has tried to hide. And in a way, the form of erasure works to take back the voice of America’s victims.
 
Final Rating: 5/5